|
The Group of 7 (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The European Union is also represented within the G7. These countries are the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund: The G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth ($263 trillion) and their net national wealth and their very high HDI are the main requirements to be a member of this group. The G7 countries also represent the 46% of the global GDP evaluated at market exchange rates and the 32% of the global purchasing power parity GDP.〔http://www.imf.org〕 The next major G7 summit will be held in 2016 in Japan. Other recent G7 meetings include that of May 2013 in Aylesbury, United Kingdom with an emergency meeting in The Hague, Netherlands on March 24, 2014. Most recently, the 41st G7 summit was held at the Schloss Elmau hotel in Krün, Germany on June 7–8, 2015. == History == The G7's precursor was the 'Group of Six'. It was founded ad hoc in 1975, consisting of finance ministers and central bank governors from France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, when Giscard d'Estaing invited them for an "informal gathering at the chateau of Rambouillet, near Paris () in a relaxed and private setting".〔 The intent was "to discuss current world issues (dominated at the time by the oil crisis) in a frank and informal manner".〔 The G6 followed an unofficial gathering starting in 1974 of senior financial officials from the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Japan and France. They were called the "Library group" or the "Group of Five" because they met informally in the White House Library in Washington, DC.〔Nicholas Bayne, Robert D. Putnam (2000). ''Hanging in There'', Ashgate Pub Ltd, 230 pages, ISBN 075461185X〕 (this is not to be confused with the current, but completely different "Group of Five", a group of the five top nations with emerging economies formed in 2005). The "Library Group" were the top five of the world's then leading economies as ranked by per capita GDP.〔Farnsworth, Clyde H. "A Secret Society of Finance Ministers" ''New York Times.'' May 8, 1977.〕 Canada became the seventh member to begin attending the summits in 1976, after which the name 'Group 7' or G7 ''Summit'' was used.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Evian summit - Questions about the G8 )〕 Until 1986, there was still a "Group of Five" or "G5", a main policy coordination group of Finance Ministers and Central Bankers, but during Tokyo Economic Declaration in 1986, Canada and Italy were officially added, replacing the "G5" with a new "Group of Seven" or "G7" ''Forum''.〔http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/1986tokyo/communique.html〕 Following 1994's G7 summit in Naples, Russian officials held separate meetings with leaders of the G7 after the group's summits. This informal arrangement was dubbed the Political 8 (P8) – or, colloquially, the G7+1. At the invitation of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair and President of the United States Bill Clinton,〔("Russia — Odd Man Out in the G-8", Mark Medish, ''The Globalist'', 02-24-2006 ).Accessed: 07-12-2008〕 Russian President Boris Yeltsin was invited first as a guest observer, later as a full participant. It was seen as a way to encourage Yeltsin's capitalist reforms. After the 1997 meeting Russia was formally invited to the next meeting and formally joined the group in 1998, resulting in a new group, the Group of Eight, or G8.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Group of Seven (G7)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|